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Situational Era (contingent and situational theories:1960s) Continuous research studies are entitled to find out another new approach to leadership. It is the contingency theory of leadership. It developed in a situational era. This approach to leadership evolved in the 1960s. The hypothesis of contingent and situational theories is leadership style is not fixed. It changes according to the situation. Selection of the leadership style according to the situation. In other words, leadership style depends on the situation. There are several sub-theories that explain the contingency theory of leadership.   Application of the contingency theory Application of this theory can be described via, Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s framework, Hersey and Blunchard’s situational leadership theory and through Fiedler’s Model. Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s framework The framework emphasizes on 3 situational factors. 1.       Leader’s characteristics 2.    ...

Behavioral Era (Behavioral theory :1940s-1950s) Behavioral theory of leadership is based on the behaviors of leaders. This theory is most popular in 1940s- 1950s era. In this era two research studies were famous. Those are: study at university of Michigan and study at Ohio state university. This theory encompasses leaders has two specific behaviors such as task oriented behavior and employee oriented behavior. According to that, job centered and employee centered leadership styles can be find out. It means there are leaders who have the behavior of considering about employees and considering about the job.   1.       Study at Ohio state university. These research studies discovered two dimensions of leadership behavior. Those are initiating structure and consideration. The leaders who have initiating structure behavior involves with scheduling work, assigning people to task and determining performance level. They always think about the task. Hence t...

  Trait Era (Great man theory:1840s) Leadership theories are commenced with the great man theory. Great man theory was developed in the 1840s as the first theory for leadership. The main assumption of the great man theory is leaders are born not made or trained. It emphasizes on innate characteristics of a leader. Studying personalities who made a revolution to the world may cause to create the belief of leaders are born not made. Instances for great people: Mother Theresa, Adolf Hitler, Julius Caesar, George Washington, etc. Trait Era ( Trait theory: 1930s-1940s) The great man theory is the predecessor of the trait theory of leadership. Trait theory evolved in the 1930s-1940s. It is also about the characteristics of a leader. Various research about trait theory for leadership reveals traits of a leader are generated via two sources. According to those sources, the leader has two types of traits: innate qualities and acquirable qualities. Innate qualities are individual chara...

 What is leadership? Leadership is an imperative concept that will help to reach to organizational objectives. It subjected to various studies by scholars. The results of these studies are found in the various type of leadership theories. Further research about leadership, entitles to the evolution of leadership philosophy. Different scholars interpret leadership in different ways. As an example, “leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts towards goal setting and goal achievement.”( Bass B.M., ‘Bass and Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership, New York (1981);p.352) , “ Leadership is influencing people to follow the achievement of a common goal.” (Harold Koontz and Cyril O'Donnell, “Principles of Management”) Thus according to my point of view, leadership is the ability or personal skill to inspire the follower’s behavior towards the attainment of goals. leadership descendants from ancient. The first and foremost factor to the birth o...